Assertion, Denial, Accepting, Rejecting, Symmetry & Paradox

The Communication Between Congestion and Accepting or Rejecting Outliers Units; An Application of DEA

On the Strict Tolerant Conception of Truth

We discuss four distinct semantic consequence relations which are based on Strong Kleene theories of truth and which generalize the notion of classical consequence to 3-valued logics. Then we set up a uniform signed tableau calculus (the strict-tolerant calculus) which we show to be sound and complete with respect to each of the four semantic consequence relations. The signs employed by our cal...

Williamson on Wittgenstein’s “Family Resemblances” and the Sorites Paradox

In a short section of his book Vagueness, Timothy Williamson attempts to resolve a paradox regarding the expansion of Wittgenstein’s ‘family resemblance’ concepts, as they are described in his Philosophical Investigations Williamson contends that certain ‘family resemblance’ concepts such as “game” seem to have the capability to expand through a network of resemblances to become applicable to e...

Definitional Reasoning in Proof-Theoretic Semantics and the Square of Opposition

Within a framework of reasoning with respect to clausal definitions of atoms, four forms of judgement are distinguished: Direct and indirect assertion, and direct and indirect denial. Whereas direct assertion and direct denial are established by directly applying a definitional clause (“definitional closure”), indirect assertion and indirect denial result from showing that all possible premisse...

حجیت سنت از دیدگاه محمود ابوریه

One of the people whose views on tradition caused much controversy is Mahmood Abu Riyyah. In his book Adhwaala al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyyah he discusses certain issues which could not be acceptable to the Sunni students of hadith and, therefore, they accused him of opposing tradition. In contrast, his views on the Sunni circles of hadith have been greatly welcomed in the Shiite world, especiall...